Citation and Referencing Guides

Clear, example-led guides to every major citation style. Not sure which style you need? Check your assignment brief, then use the table below.

Updated 21 October 2026 · EssayWriting.com editorial team

Paper layout, in-text citations and Works Cited entries in MLA 9.

Student paper layout, author-date citations and References in APA 7.

Side-by-side differences between the two most common student styles.

How to cite in IEEE style: numbered in-text citations in square brackets, reference list f

How to cite in ACS style for chemistry: the three in-text options, journal article, book a

How to cite in AMA 11th edition: superscript numbering, journal article, book and website

How to use Harvard referencing: author-date in-text citations, reference list format for b

Legal citation basics: cases, statutes, articles and short forms.

Notes-bibliography and author-date Turabian with examples.

Notes-bibliography and author-date Chicago with examples.

Et al. means "and others" (Latin et alii). How and when to use et al. in APA 7, MLA 9, Harvard, Chicago and…

Which citation style should you use?

Subject	Usual style
Psychology, education, nursing, social sciences	APA
English, literature, humanities	MLA
Many UK and Australian courses	Harvard
Engineering, computer science	IEEE
Chemistry	ACS
Medicine, health sciences	AMA

Your instructor's requirement always overrides the subject convention.

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